The unit reports the data back tothe HMI, carrying out the necessary analysis and costfunctions. Additionally, SCADA technology personal ofcurrent or potential alarm situations, allowing an operator tofine tune a process. Control can be automatic or initiated by operator commands, based on the sophistication of the individual system.
This technology is widely accepted as are liable and efficient control system within numerous industrial markets. Itconsist the sections mentioned below:- Sensor As we know that SCADA system is usedto monitor various parameters located at remotelocations, sensor is the most essential and integralpart of the system.
There are various types ofsensors which are used to monitor variousparameters. For example, a thermometer is used tomeasure temperature, barometer for pressure, hygrometer for humidity etc. Signal Conditioner The readings taken by themeasuring devices or transducers are weak innature. So they cannot be transmitted as it wouldget heavily attenuated making it difficult to bedetected at the receiving end.
They need to beamplified for further data processing. This action isperformed by the signal conditioner. Signalconditioners collect information from the sensorand amplify them to the suitable level. ADC The readings taken by the measurementdevices are analog in nature. It is quite difficult toprocess and store the analog data. Also the analogsignal is more affected by noise. Micro-Controller Interface The digital data is then passed through this unit. This section performs modulation, i.
The microprocessor acts as a brain for all this functions and performs the task without a human intervention. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. The micro-controller receives the synchronizing signals and accepts arequest. Now the mobile phone sends a request for thespecific data that it wants to access and monitor.
The controller's normal process gets interrupted and it fetches the required data. The micro-controller starts the polling process to identify the source of the request. It checks with every member's mobile number of its database and asks for the details of the data to be transmitted. The micro-controller decodesthe received SMS and fetches the data and then dispatches the required data.
Real-time measurements and controls at remote stations are transferred to a CPU through the communication link. We only need to find the receiver onto which the data has to betransmitted. This would restrict the client from receiving data and to take any decisions based on the analysis. Never though this technology has more benefits rather than disadvantages. First is the threat of unauthorized access to the control software, whether it be human access or changes induced intentionally or accidentally by virus infections and other software threats residing on the control host machine.
In many cases, there is no security on the actual packet control protocol, soanyone who can send packets to the SCADA device can control it. In reality, the data could be tampered by bypassing the firewall of thesystem. Hence for a fool- proof system, the network should be protected by appropriate anti-virus softwares and firewall settings. GSM communications perform almost flawless data transfer from sensor at remote area.
Since all communication between RTU and HMI are wireless based, this translates into lowest cost compared to all others system. Jaerock Kwon. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. As Smartphones become more and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped familiar to people and finding use in the day to day lives, their vehicle from any location at any time.
The proposed system made influence on society continues to grow. The main driving force good use of a popular technology that combines a Smartphone for this accelerated growth in Smartphone usage is the application with a microcontroller. This will be easy to make and availability of a large variety of applications to meet the needs inexpensive compared to others.
The designed in-vehicle device of a wide range of users. The device is embedded inside a vehicle locations in real-time. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time intervals. A Smartphone application is also developed for continuously monitoring the vehicle location. Thus, users will be able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using the Smartphone application and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination.
In order to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the system, this paper presents experimental results of the vehicle tracking system and some experiences on practical implementations.
The vehicle was at any given time. These days, however, with fleet management system aims at improving the quality and technology growing at a fast pace, automated vehicle tracking efficiency of the industry by identifying major obstructions on system is being used in a variety of ways to track and display the road and tracking real-time locations of their fleet on a map vehicle locations in real-time. This paper proposes a vehicle [2],[3]. In vehicle tracking systems, a Smartphone application to provide better service and cost- vehicle location is one of the most important components.
The effective solution for users. On the basis of statistical data shown Fig. As a result, Smartphone users are now are commonly used.
Utilization of SMS technology has become Kalman filter [11] to reduce positional errors, thus improving popular because it does not require much cost. It is convenient the accuracy of the position determination. A laptop embedded with Google Earth is used for tracking device controlled by a microcontroller. The vehicle tracking and viewing the location and a status of the vehicle on location is automatically placed on Google maps, which make a map.
A Smartphone will be good alternative to replace the it easier for tracking a vehicle and provides users with more work that the laptop performs. The basic purpose of a vehicle tracking system is to track a specific target vehicle or other objects.
The tracking device is able to relay information concerning the current location of the vehicle and its speed, etc. Most of such tracking systems consist of an electronic device as usually installed in-vehicle and can be used for tracking motor cycles, buses, and trains.
Each in-vehicle device has an account of the anti-theft tracking systems, fleet management systems, and twitter social network and can identify the vehicle location in intelligent transportation systems ITS. A web interface is used to display a vehicle location placed on Google maps, and a status A. The tracking system vehicle device to restart the vehicle or to shut down the vehicle. The students are provided with a status of the bus easily because the Smartphone has available social network after specified time interval using LED panel and a services.
So, the system would become more efficient to users Smartphone application. Real-time bus tracking systems are of social network and Smartphone, they allow quick beneficial to college students who attend colleges with large monitoring of the location and status of the vehicle.
With the bus tracking system, they can spend more time studying, sleeping, or relaxing rather than waiting for a III. Spending less time waiting for a bus improves the In the development of the vehicle tracking system comfortable and effective time management of the students as controlled by a microcontroller, hardware and software design well.
As shown in Fig. There are two slide switches and one push button SIM card pre-paid or straight from your phone , and a cellular switch. The GPS module is identical to the one shown in Fig. In Fig. Even Fig.
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